Liquid
Scintillation Spectrometry 1994
G. T. Cook, D. D. Harkness,
A. B. MacKenzie, B. F. Miller, E. M. Scott, Editors
Proceedings of the International
Conference on
Advances in Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry
Glasgow,
PREFACE – Gordon Cook, Doug Harkness,
Gus MacKenzie, Brian Miller, Marian Scott....... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................ vii
DEDICATION – W. J. (JACK) McDOWELL – John E Noakes.............................................. ix
THE EDITORS.............................................................................................................. xi
CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS...................................................................................... xiii
ADVANCES IN
INSTRUMENTATION
Background
and Low-Level Activity Determination:
An Improved Procedure for LSC
Jose M Los Arcos and Leonor Rodríguez Barquero..............................................................3
Kvartett, a New Low-Level LSC System for Both Beta and
Beta/Gamma Active Samples
Sigurour Einarsson and Pall Theodórsson........................................................................15
Liquid
Scintillation Counting by Digital Pulse Height Analysis
Eduardo García-Toraño and J M Los Arcos ......................................................................25
A Study
of Background of an Upgraded Liquid Scintillation Counter
Kaimei Dai, David C
Steinke and Robert M Kalin .............................................................31
Time-Resolved
Pulse Decay Analysis (TR-PDA): A Refinement
for Alpha/Beta Discrimination
Charles J Passo,
Jr. .......................................................................................................37
The
Role of BGO as an Auxiliary Scintillator for Alpha/Beta/Gamma
Liquid
Scintillation Counting
and Low-Level Counting
J
Small
Sample High-Precision C-14 Dating: Characterization of
Vials and Counter
Optimization
J
Expanded
Energy Range for Time-Resolved Liquid Scintillation Counting:
An Enhancement
for Programmable
TR-LSC®
Charles J Passo,
Jr. and David J Roberts .........................................................................67
Quenching
and Its Effect On Alpha/Beta Separation
Liquid
Scintillation Spectrometry
J M Pates, G T Coop, A B MacKenzie and C J Passo, Jr. ...................................................75
ENVIRONMENTAL
APPLICATIONS
Measurement
of Tritium in Forest Soil
Noriyuki Momoshima,
P I Tjahaja, Tomio Okai and Yoshimasa Takashima .......................89
Monitoring
Pu-241 in Ukrainian Soil
Michael Buzinny,
Ivan Los', Nikolay Tsigankov and Serge Soroka ....................................97
Determining
Radium in Water: Comparison of Methods
Stanislaw Chalupnik, Jolanta Lebecka, Antoni Mielnikow and Boguslaw Michalik.............103
Rapid
Calibration of Detectors for Determining Rn-222
Using Air Luminescence Counting
Yoshio Homma, Yuko Murase,
Keiko Handa, Sachiko, Koyama,
Noriko Suzuki and Kimiko Horiuchi ..............................................................................111
Rn-222
in Arizona Groundwater: Lung Dose Estimates
Based on Liquid Scintillation Characterization
J M Barnett, K
Methods
of Determining Radon Concentration in Natural
Water by Liquid Scintillation
Counting
Kimiko Horiuchi ..........................................................................................................127
A New
Approach to Determining Rn-222 in Air Using Liquid Scintillation Counting
Michael G Buzinny ......................................................................................................137
Sr-90
in Austrian Food after the Chernobyl Accident
Manfred Friedrich and Franz Schönhofer.......................................................................141
Low-Level
Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry of Soft Beta Emitters
P P Povinec, M S Baxter, Janine Gastau,
L Liong Wee Kwong and Beniamino Oregioni ....149
Optimization
of Counting Conditions and Simultaneous Determination
of Pu-238, Pu-239 and Pu-240
by Liquid
Scintillation Counting
Marta Toribio,
Jose F García, Anna Izquierdo-Ridorsa and Gemma Rauret ......................157
Determining
Radium in Water using IC-LSC
Siegurd Möbius and Tiana-Lalao Ramamonjisoa ...........................................................167
BIOSCIENCE APPLICATIONS
New
Applications of Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA)
R A Jessop ................................................................................................................. 175
Microchannel
Array Detector for Rapid Radioisotope Quantification on Flat Samples
David Englert,
Lori Veal and Frank Fox..........................................................................183
An
Elastic Scintillator Material
Jari Suontausta and Timo Oikari ..................................................................................193
Determining
Thorium in Urine by Liquid Scintillation Counting
Gabriele Wallner and Shahram Ayromlou .....................................................................201
ADVANCES IN LIQUID AND
SOLID SCINTILLATORS
Absolute
Efficiency of LS Cocktails Using a Compton Coincidence Method
M
Gas
Chromatographic Identification of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
C T Peng .....................................................................................................................221
Liquid
Scintillation Alpha Counting with High Water Content Cocktails
Jari Suontausta, Timo Oikari and Lauri Kaihola ............................................................233
Development
of a Paraffin Scintillator-Solid Support System
for Liquid Radiochromatography
Haruo Fujii, Makoto Takiue and Tamaru Aburai ............................................................237
Liquid
Scintillation Counting of Ethylene Glycol-Water Solutions
with Ultima-F1o™ M
Dag Ø Eriksen and Carsten Qvenild .............................................................................245
Performance
Characteristics of Safer Flow Scintillation Cocktails
D A Burns and James Thomson ...................................................................................251
The
Advent of Safer Flow Scintillation Cocktails
James
Thomson .........................................................................................................257
Detection
of Low Levels of Radioactivity in Environmental Samples
James Thomson, D A Burns and G T Cook ....................................................................261
ALPHA COUNTING
Alpha/Beta
Separation Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry: Current Trends
J M Pates, G T Cook and A B MacKenzie .......................................................................267
A Rapid
Screening Method for Determining Gross Alpha Activity in Urine
Using Alpha/Beta
LSC
J Eikenberg, A Fiechtner, M Ruethi and
Application
of Pulse Decay Discrimination Liquid Scintillation Counting
for Routine
Monitoring of Radioactivity
in Drinking Water
Yousif Y Bakir and Henryk Bem ................................................................................. 293
Ultra-Sensitive
Alpha Particle Detection in the Presence of High Beta
Activity by Low-Level
Liquid Scintillation
Spectrometry
Lauri Kaihola, Timo Oikari and Jari Suontausta .......................................................... 301
Gross
Alpha and Beta Activities in Natural Waters Using Low-Background
Liquid
Scintillation: Study of the Ebro River (Spain)
J A Sanchez-Cabeza and Lluis Pujol .............................................................................307
The
Effect of Cocktail Fluors on Pulse Shapes and
Alpha/Beta
Separation Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry
J M Pates, G T Cook, A B MacKenzie and James Thomson .............................................317
Recent
Applications of PERALS® Spectrometry
W Jack McDowell ........................................................................................................327
Calibration
and Quench Correction for Alpha Liquid Scintillation Analysis
Dazhu Yang ...............................................................................................................339
CALIBRATION,
OPTIMIZATION AND OTHER ADVANCES
Effects
of a Range of Quenching Agents on C-14 - Benzene Counting
Efficiency When
Employing Pulse-Shape
Analysis (TR-LSC®)
Achim Hiller,
Robert Anderson and G T Cook ................................................................347
Optimizing
Performance in Radioactive HPLC Detection Using
Scintillation Counting
Technology
Michael S Wasyl and Steven W Nellis ...........................................................................357
Radionuclide
Identification in Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry
Charles L Dodson ........................................................................................................361
Quality
Assurance System in the Central Mining Institute LSC Laboratory
Jolanta Lebecka, Antoni Mielnikow, Stanislaw Chalupnik and Boguslaw Michalik ............365
A
Simple Method for Transferring the Tritium Calibration of
an LSC System to
Other Radionuclides
E
Radioassay
of Low-Level, Low-Energy Beta Activity in Multilabeled Samples
Containing High-Energy
Beta Impurities Using Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry
Freddy Verrezen and Christian Hurtgen .......................................................................381
AUTHOR INDEX...........................................................................................................391
SUBJECT INDEX .........................................................................................................393