TABLE OF CONTENTS
Liquid
Scintillation Spectrometry 2001
Siegurd Möbius, John E. Noakes, Franz Schönhofer,
Editors
Proceedings of the International Conference on
Advances in Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry
Karlsruhe, Germany, May 7-11, 2001
PREFACE .............................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................ v
THE EDITORS ..................................................................................................... vi
CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................ ix
INTRODUCTION
Liquid Scintillation Counting-Past and Present
C-T Peng ............................................................................................................. 1
INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODS
Instrumentation
Remotely Controlled Field Measurement of Alpha, Beta,
and Gamma Emitters in Water
J E Noakes and M P Neary .................................................................................... 11
Digital Pulse Shape Analysis in Liquid Scintillation Measurements
After Continuous Chemical Separations
K Eberhardt, J Aistad, H 0 Kling, J V Kratz, G Langrock, J P Omtvedt,
G Skarnemark, L Stavsetra, U Tharun, N Trautmann, N Wiehl and B Wierczinski ......... 19
Detection of Transactinides with Alpha-Liquid Scintillation
Liv Stavsetra and Jon Petter Omtvedt ................................................................... 25
A Microplate Scintillation Counter as a New Detector in High Performance
Separation Techniques for Metabolism Studies
K 0 Boernsen and G J M Bruin .............................................................................. 35
Measuring Environmental Tritium Bound in Benzene Using a
Single-Photomultiplier Tube LSC System
P Theodórsson and V Skripkin ............................................................................... 41
Calibration and Data Evaluation
Evaluation of the Influence of Wall Effects on the Liquid Scintillation
Counting Detection Efficiency for the Standardization of High-Energy
Beta and Alpha Radionuclides
Philippe Cassette ................................................................................................. 45
Determination of the Activity of Radionuclide Sources Emitting Beta
and Gamma Radiation Using the CIEMAT/NIST Method
E W Günther ....................................................................................................... 57
Quench and Quench Curves
James Thomson .................................................................................................. 65
Measurement of Gross Alpha & Beta Activities in Acid Leachates Using
Alpha-Beta Discriminating Liquid Scintillation Counting
P E Warwick and I W Croudace .............................................................................. 75
Efficiency, Background, and Interference in Colored Samples
Using an LSC Quantulus 1220
G Manjón, A Absi, M Villa, H P Moreno and R García-Tenorio ..................................... 83
Efficiency and Background in Cerenkov Counting Affected by
Color Quenching: An Optical Study
G Manjón, A Absi, E Gómez, F Vaca and M Garcia-León ........................................... 93
Generalized Efficiency Monitor for Liquid Scintillation Counting
Charles L Dodson ................................................................................................ 99
Radionuclide Identification of Beta-Emitters by Energy Calibration
in Liquid Scintillation Spectroscopy
Gunter Schäfer and Ingrid Schäfer........................................................................ 107
A Method to Obtain Spectra for Different Quench Index by
Interpolation of Measured Reference Spectra
Markus Rettig, Christoph Wilhelm and Karl-Guenther Langguth ...............................115
New Software for Analyzing Complex Spectra Obtained with Ultra
Low Level Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer 'Quantulus'
S V Malinovsky, IA Kashirin, A I Ermakov, VA Tikhomirov,
A I Sobolev, L L Kaihola and A A Fedotov .............................................................. 119
Mathematical Aspects of Decoding Complex Spectra Applied to
Liquid Scintillation Counting
S V Malinovsky, I A Kashirin, A I Ermakov, VA Tikhomirov,
S V Belanov and A I Sobolev .............................................................................. 127
Scintillators
Development and Application of New Sol-Gel Based Scintillators
Ian Hamerton, John N Hay, John R Jones and Shui-Yu Lu........................................137
The Effects of Substituted Anthracenes and Novel Scintillating Solvents in Cocktail
Formulations for Alpha/Beta Separation Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry
Charles J Passo, Jr, Robert Anderson, Gordon T Cook and James Thomson .............. 141
Pico-Fluor™ MI - A New Cocktail for the Direct Counting of Biological Samples
James Thomson ............................................................................................... 147
The Effect of Liquid Scintillation Cocktail Composition on
Measurement Stability in the Assay of Solutions of Lu-177
Brian E Zimmerman............................................................................................ 151
The Effect of Alkaline Sample Solutions on the Stability of
Liquid Scintillation Cocktails Prepared with Commercially Available
Scintillants: Assays of W-188 – Re-188
Jeffrey T Cessna and Brian E Zimmerman ..............................................................159
Performance of LSC Cocktails in Gross Beta Analysis of
Drinking Water
C Kralik and F Vojir ........................................................................................... 169
NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY
Tritium
Tritium in Natural Products
M P Neary and J E Noakes ................................................................................... 173
Meteorologically Induced Seasonal Variation of Tritium
Concentration in Rain at Fukuoka, Japan
Noriyuki Momoshima and Yasuko Hayashi ............................................................. 181
Natural Sparkling Water Sources Analysis Based on Tritium Measurements
Carmen Varlam, loan Stefanescu, Dumitru Steflea and Adrian Feru .......................... 189
Determination of Tritium in Various Matrices by Liquid Scintillation Counting
Ursula D Hoeppener-Kramar, Cornelia Rittmeyer and Silvia Kuhnmünch ................... 197
Assessment of Tritium Detection Limits at Institute for Energy Technology
(IFE) with Quantulus™ Low-Level Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer
Dag Ø Eriksen, Viggo Martini and Sven K Hartvig ................................................... 203
Low-Level Tritium Analysis Employing Micro-Tritium Enrichment
M P Neary ......................................................................................................... 213
A Revision of Counting Parameters of an Ultra-Low Background Liquid Scintillation
Counter for Tritium Measurements Using Electrolytic Enrichment
L Pujol and M Fé Díaz ........................................................................................ 221
Removal of Impurities from Environmental Water Samples for Tritium
Measurement by Means of LS Counter-Application to Electrolysis Enrichment
Yoichi Sakuma, Yoshimune Ogata and Naruhito Tsuji ............................................. 227
Microwave Assisted Extraction in Combination with Liquid Scintillation
Counting on In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption Studies of Clobetasol
L Hernandez, I Hernandez, L Ducat, E Casanova, N Diduk, X Perez and N De la Paz ....233
Radon and Radium
Fast Methods for Field Analysis of Natural Radionuclides-New Approaches
S Möbius................................................................................................................ 237
A Simple and Sensitive Liquid Scintillation Counting System for
Continuous Monitoring of Radon in Water
P Theodorsson and G I Gudjonsson ...................................................................... 249
In-Situ Determination of Radon in the Air After Enrichment
T L Möbius Ramamonjisoa and S Möbius ............................................................... 253
Fast Method of Ra-226 Measurement by Means of Alpha Spectroscopy
and Its Comparison with Liquid Scintillation Counting
Stanislaw Chalupnik, Antoni Mielnikow and Krystian Skubacz ................................. 261
Determination of Ra-228, Ra-226, and Pb-210 in Drinking Water
Using Liquid Scintillation Counting
Gabriele Wallner ................................................................................................ 269
Investigations on Instrumental Radium Analysis by Alpha/Beta LS Spectrometry
S Möbius and H Zeisberg.................................................................................... 275
Extractive Methods for Fast Radium Analysis
S Möbius, K Kamolchote and T Rakotoarisoa.......................................................... 283
Natural Radioactivity in Drinking and Mineral Water
Urska
Repinc and Ljudmila Benedik ..................................................................... 293
Determination of Ra-226 from Rock Samples Using LSC
Paula Juntunen, Aino Ruutu and Juhani
Suksi ....................................................... 299
Quality Assurance in Radium Measurements - Long-Term
Experience with the Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry
Stanislaw Chalupnik and Antoni Mielnikow ............................................................ 303
Lead, Uranium and Others
Sampling of Pb-210 in Radon-Bearing Drinking Water
Pia Vesterbacka and Ilona Mäkeläinen ................................................................. 317
Natural Radioactivity in Surface Waters in the
Right-Side Tributaries
of the Ebro River (Northeast Spain)
Ll Pujol and J A Sanchez-Cabeza ......................................................................... 327
Determination of Total Alpha Radioactivity of Thorium
and Uranium
Radionuclides in Fallout Using Alpha/Beta LSC
Henryk Bern and Piotr Wieczorkowski .................................................................. 335
Rapid Determination of Po-210 and PB-210 (Via Bi-210) in Air Filters
Using Alpha Spectrometry and Cerenkov Counting
C J Dale, A A Dale and P E Warwick, J E Rowe ...................................................... 343
APPLICATIONS IN NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY
Plutonium
A Rapid Procedure for Determining 239+240Pu and 241 Pu in
Environmental Samples Using Alpha/Beta LSC
J Eikenberg S Bajo, M Ruethi, C Gann, H Beer and G Butterweck ........................... 351
Study on the Method of Determining Pu-241 in Environmental Samples
Andrzej Komosa ................................................................................................ 363
Measurements of Sr-90 and Pu-241 in Various Matrices
Jerzy W Mietelsk and, Pawel Gaca ....................................................................... 373
Determination of Alpha/Beta Radionuclides in Concentrated Salt Brines from
Fuel Leaching by Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry Using Solvent Extraction
Yu Verzilov, H Curtius and J Fachinger .................................................................. 379
Strontium and Others
Determination of Sr-90 by Extraction Chromatography in the
Presence of Pb-210 in Environmental Samples
Ritva Saxén ..................................................................................................... 389
Sequential Radiochemical Separation of Sr-90 and Tc-99 in
Aqueous Samples and Measurement by Liquid Scintillation Counting
Myung-Ho Lee, Kun-Ho Chung and Chang-Woo Lee .............................................. 397
Environmental Analysis Using Novel Separation Techniques and
Spectrometers Based on a Low-Background LS Counter
A I Ermakov, S V Malinovsky, IA Kashirin, VA Tikhomirov, A I Sobolev,
V B Rybalka and V V Serbinovich ........................................................................ 405
Application of Extractive Scintillator Resins to Quantification of
Beta-Emitting Radionuclides in Aqueous Solutions
Timothy A DeVol, John D Leyba and James E Roane ............................................. 415
Construction of a Liquid Waste Monitor Using the Cerenkov
Technique for Nuclear Medicine
H Fujii, K Matsuno and M Takiue ......................................................................... 425
Localization of Depleted Uranium Contamination
E Frenzel, S Möbius and T Oikari ....................................................................... 429
APPENDIX
Pilot Intercomparison and Workshop for Radon and Radium in Water
S Möbius and L Salonen ...................................................................................... 435
The Discovery of the Excitation of Liquid Biphenyl and Phenanthrene
Fluorescence by Fast Electrons; Laudatio on the Inauguration of the
German Society for Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry (DGFS)
S Niese ........................................................................................................... 447
DGFS INAUGURATION PHOTO ............................................................................ 450
AUTHOR INDEX ................................................................................................ 451
SUBJECT INDEX ............................................................................................... 455